A new classification for Lipocarpha and Volkiella as infrageneric taxa of Cyperus s.l. “Taxonomic relationships and photosynthetic pathways in the Cyperaceae. Cyperaceae. Classification: About the Classification Report About the Classification Download . Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Family Poaceae. The Atlas of Florida Plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. ” Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; and Bruhl, J.J. (1995). Male flowers occur in the axils of bracts either on the rachilla extending beyond the female flower or on axes bearing perigynia. It is hoped that all the data presented will be of use in the future development of a classification scheme for phytoliths of Cyperaceae. The family is divided into subfamilies and tribes, based mainly on inflorescence and floret structure. The taxon, initally described as Scirpus membranaceus by Thunberg (1794), has been treated as a member of a number of several distinct genera depending on the interpretation of the floral characters. In the tribe Bisboekelereae, the bracts below the terminal female flower are united to form a perigynium somewhat similar to that of the subfamily Caricoideae, though evolved independently. The Cyperaceae are grasslike herbaceous plants found especially in wet regions throughout the world. The spikelet of the Caricoideae can, in theory, be derived from the Scirpus-type by a reduction in flower number and conversion to unisexual flowers, and its relationships are probably with the Cyperoideae subfamily. It is hoped that all the data presented will be of use in the future development of a classification scheme for phytoliths of Cyperaceae. 1) Core Carex clade: to be treated as the type subgenus, as it includes the lectotype species C. hirta L. It also... 2) Unispicate clade: a taxonomically heterogeneous assemblage in the genus. Acrocarpus Nees. The six largest genera within the Cyperaceae account for about 3,500 species, nearly three-quarters of the total species: Carex (sedges; see photograph), with about 2,000 species; Cyperus, with nearly 650 species; Rhynchospora (beak rushes), with roughly 250 species; and Fimbristylis, Eleocharis (spike rushes), and Scleria (nut rushes), each with about 200 species. Published on the internet. Schoenus is basically found in the Old World, with only a few of its species located in the New World. From this basic type, the remaining, more advanced members of the family can be derived by a reduction in the number of flowers, by the sterilization of flowers, and by the evolution of unisexuality in the loss of stamens or pistils within a flower. In recent systematic treatments of the Cyperaceae, spikelets of all but the most primitive tribes have been considered to be indeterminate, whereas historically the number of flowers, floral sex and distribution of sexes in spikelets have been important characters in suprageneric classifications. Other large genera are basically distributed throughout the tropical regions of the Earth, with only a few outlying species in cold temperate regions. The uniformly unisexual flowers, however, have also prompted botanists to align it with the subfamily Sclerioideae, which has unisexual flowers as well. A division of the family into two subfamilies would result in the subfamily Cyperoideae with usually bisexual flowers and the subfamily Caricoideae with unisexual flowers, but many botanists consider this to be a rather arbitrary division. The family is large, with some 5,500 species described in about 109 genera. The APG III system incorporates molecular data and phylogenetic methods and represents the most up-to-date classification … The interpretation of this structure, and the resulting classification, varies from author to author. Because most Cyperaceae cannot be reliably identified when in flower, in this volume fruiting time is given for all species by season, sometimes qualified by early, mid, or late, or by months. Genus. The goals of this study were to elucidate phylogenetic relationships in Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and compare this phylogeny with three infrageneric classifications. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the University of South Florida and other herbaria. The Atlas of Florida Plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Although fossil sedges are known from as early as the Eocene, they are as yet of little use in interpreting evolution in Cyperaceae because they are both fragmentary and apparently closely resemble modern groups. Premise of the study: Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci for the rare sword sedge Lepidosperma gibsonii (Cyperaceae) were characterized for the future study of population structure, hybridization, and clonality. The spikelet found in Cyperus and several related, smaller genera is similar, but the lowermost bract does not bear a flower. Cyperaceae, sedge family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, a division of the order Poales. Typological Classification of Cyperaceae Embryos--a Historic Overview Van der Veken (1964, 1965) demonstrated that in Cyperaceae the variation in embryo morphology within species is relatively small. Most sedges have triangular stems ("edges"), except for Scripus, which has round stems. Accessed: 2013 Sept. 16. A recent classification is that of Bruhl (1995). Semi woody:- Weeds having herbaceous stem in their early growth period and tending to become woody in their advanced growth stages e.g. This common rhyme can help you remember the key differences between the Sedge, Rush, and Grass families. Current systems of classification of the Cyperaceae divide it into two to five subfamilies. They suggest that inflorescences of the subfamily Mapanioideae, with their pseudanthia composed of tiny, unisexual flowers, represent the primitive condition in the Cyperaceae. Palla – bulrush P: Genus Bulbostylis Kunth – hairsedge P In some classifications, for example, up to 300 species have been included in broad definitions of Scirpus; however, as so defined, Scirpus is extremely diverse and includes several different embryo types (defined by shape and relative orientation of the parts) and a number of fundamentally different morphological forms. Stem-Cylindrical, hollow, (except Maize and Sugarcane), with nodes. The reduction in the inflorescence was so extreme that it strongly resembles a flower—hence the term pseudanthium. Methods and results: Twenty samples from each of three populations were screened with the markers to assess genetic variation. The Cyperaceae, among the 10 largest families of flowering plants, contain about 5,000 species and, Each of the six large genera except for Carex are primarily found in warm temperate or tropical regions, with only a few cold temperate species. The rather uniform morphology of the nonreproductive parts of the plant body as well as the highly reduced flowers make deduction of evolutionary patterns from living sedges difficult. Some authorities have proposed a hypothesis of evolution in the Cyperaceae that is essentially the reverse direction of evolution to that presented above—that is, that unisexual flowers were the primitive condition. Abstract. 0. What have you found?" Thirty Eleocharis species and eight outgroups were analyzed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses. Genus. Cyperaceae. Phytotaxa, 166, 1–32. Eleocharis also has a number of species in cold temperate or even Arctic regions, although the great bulk of its 200 species are confined to warmer areas. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bruhl, J. Most of the remaining genera of Cyperaceae are quite small, almost all with less than 30 species, and many with only a single species. The limits of these genera are also somewhat unsettled, with the circumscription and limits of such well-known genera as Cyperus and Scirpus (bulrushes or clubrushes) being somewhat controversial. Many species of sedges also occur in understories of diverse types of forest, both temperate and tropical. The subfamily Sclerioideae also has inflorescences with terminal female flowers but the branches housing the male flowers below the female flowers are slightly more extended, though still short. The goals of this study were to elucidate phylogenetic relationships in Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and compare this phylogeny with three infrageneric classifications. – bulrush P: Genus Bolboschoenus (Asch.) Flowering Plants. A suprageneric classification of the Cyperaceae is proposed, in which the genera are explicitly assigned to twelve tribes and two subfamilies. https://www.britannica.com/plant/Cyperaceae. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Spikelets characteristic of Rhynchospora and its allies and Cladium and its allies are derived by a reduction in the number of flowers per spikelet and a sterilization of lowermost or uppermost flowers, as well as by the conversion of some bisexual flowers to staminate only; in Rhynchospora, for example, male flowers are above the perfect flowers, and in Cladium male flowers are below. Goetghebeur, P. (1998) Cyperaceae. Four subfamilies are recognized in this article. The female flowers are always solitary and borne within a perigynium derived from the partly or wholly closed first leaf (prophyll) of the spikelet axis. Epiphytes are very rare among the sedges, occurring primarily in the South American genus Everardia. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Omissions? The pseudanthium is thought to be derived from a hypothetical prototype inflorescence in which a single female flower terminates an axis along which numerous male flowers are situated in the axils of bracts. The fruiting time has been interpreted broadly to include the period when the fruit is … 2. 1993b; G. M. Plunkett et al. This subfamily may have originated from plants with branched inflorescences similar to the hypothetical prototype ancestral to the subfamily Mapanioideae; however, the male flowers immediately below the terminal female flower were reduced to bracts, while branches below this point on the inflorescence have lost their terminal female flower and bear a few male flowers and one or a few distal bracts. Desert or semidesert regions the axils of bracts either on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter get. 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